Beta Orionis (Rigel) 

William L. Schart
Star: Beta Orionis
Date & Time:  November, 10th, 1998 - 11:15 pm CST 
Seeing:  7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Killeen, TX (Lat 31 N, Elev 600 ft) 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Orion 6" Dob
Magnification: 48x, 72x, 120x
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
Star: Beta Orionis
Date & Time:  12/26/99 10:48 pm CST
Seeing:  7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Killeen, TX (Lat 31 N, Elev 600 ft) 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4.5 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Orion 6" Dob
Magnification: 32x, 48x, 72x, 98x, 144x  
 

Star: Beta Orionis
Date & Time:  1/4/2000 10:22 pm CST
Seeing:  7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Killeen, TX (Lat 31 N, Elev 600 ft) 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4.5 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Orion 6" Dob
Magnification: 32x, 48x, 72x, 120x
 

I began my observations for Luis Argüelles "33 Doubles in Orion" with this star. Of course, I had no problems locating it, however, I could not seem to be able 
to locate the secondary. It may be I was not locating in the right place. I will have to do further research into this and come back some other night. 

[Update from November, 16th, 1998 - 10:28 pm CST]: Re-visited this to see if I could split it at 120x. I thought I did, but am not really sure. 

[Update from 1/11/99 10:07 pm CST]: Continuing observations for the 33 doubles in Orion project, I re-visited Rigel to see if I could split it with the aid of my 
newly arrived barlow at 240x. However, even at this higher power, I could not split it. 

[Update from 1/25/99 8:48 pm CST]: 

Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time:  1/25/99 8:48 pm CST 
Seeing:  7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Killeen, TX (Lat 31 N, Elev 600 ft) 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Orion 6" Dob. 
Magnification: 144X, 98X 

Success tonight at last! After several attempts, I finally was able to split this double. I first used my 17mm w/barlow combination for 144x and it was an easy 
split. I then used my reticle EP (98x) to measure the separation - 15" and PA - 185 degrees. 
 
 

I was able to split this at 120x with some difficulty. I did not attempt to measure this tonight, due to the difficulty. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

I re-observed this pair with the aid of the hexagonal objective mask to see how much it would help in splitting them. I have previously split this pair with 98x without any additional aid. I tiried 48x, 72x, and 120x tonight. I could only split it at the higher power. Without the mask, I could not split it at all, as the conditions were such that the image of Rigel proper was considerably smeared out and obscured the secondary. 

 


 
Craig M. Carver
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time:  11/26/98  2245 LT 
Seeing:  5 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site:  Randalman, NC  (Lat 36.07, Long 79.79, Elev. 500 ft) 
Site classification: Rural 
Sky darkness:  4.8-5.0  <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: 6" Maksutov 
Magnification: 95x
This is a bright (mag 0) white star with a tiny mag 7 blue companion. 

Additional comments: I took my scope to North Carolina, which is quite a ways south of  my usual site in Madison WI, over our holiday weekend called 
Thanksgiving, and had two great nights of observing (11/26-11/27).   At this more southern latitude Orion was much higher in the sky and hence the seeing 
was better. This would apply to Psi, Struve 712, Sigma, Zeta, Sh 49, 59 Ori, Struve 855 and Struve 750. 
 


 
Paolo Morini
Star: Beta Ori 
Date & Time: 07 Dec 1998, approx 23 UTC 
Seeing:  8 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: San Romualdo, a little village in the country near Ravenna – Italy. 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 5  <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Takahashi FS102 
Magnification: 205x (LV4 eyepiece) 
 
 
Star: Beta Ori 
Date & Time: 6th Dec 1999 , 21 UTC  
Seeing:  4 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: San Romualdo, a little village in the country near Ravenna – Italy. 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 5.5  <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Takahashi FS102 
Magnification: 164x (Tak LE5 eyepiece) 
Very easy to find. The 2nd component was clearly seen notwithstanding the difference in magnitude. It is my first observation of Rigel with the Tak – very satisfactory. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Clearly split, but the air turbulence was rather heavy, so the “image” was not 
very satisfactory. 
 

 


 
Penny Fisher
Star: Beta Ori 
Date & Time:  12/11/98 
Seeing:  6 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site:  Englishtown NJ, 40.25  N  74.333 W 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness:  4  <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: 8 inch Dob 
Magnification: 47x 
Was unable to split this double, as in previous attempts.  The diffraction spikes are large long for the bright primary, and prismatic. The primary is a very bright 
blue-white. 
 
 
Chuck Layton
Star: Beta Ori 
Date & Time: Dec.20, 1998, 07:00 UT 
Seeing:  4 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Tacoma (WA) 
Site classification: --- 
Sky darkness: 4.4  <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: 20cm f/6 Eq. Newtonian 
Magnification: 122x 
Observed Colorations of Components:  A - brilliant blueish white, B - white 
Other comments:  Glorius Rigel!  On this night the secondary stands out well against the brightness of the primary. 

 
Dominik Elsässer
Star: Beta Orionis (Rigel) 
Date & Time: 05.01.99, 21.12-22.05 UT 
Seeing: 9 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Sky Darkness: 4.3 (moonlight) 
Location: Kleinkahl, Germany 
Site Classification: Rural 
Telescope: Vixen 102M 
Magnification: 100x-250x
Under these good conditions I could see the faint companion down to 100x. The Main star is coloured bluish-white and the second component in a darker blue. 
Very difficult under bad conditions because of the big magnitude-difference! 

 
Luis Argüelles
Star: Beta Orionis  
Date & Time: 2000, January 13, 22:45UT
Seeing: 9 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>.
Location of site: Oviedo, Spain
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 3.5 <Limiting magnitude>
Moon: Almost first quarter
Telescope: Televue Ranger (70mm aperture)
Mount: Manfrotto tripod
Eyepiece(s): Baader-Planetarium 20 and 3.8mm Eudiascopics
Magnification: 126x
   
After checking the excellent seeing, I aim the small refractor towards Rigel at 24x and after centering it, I increase magnification up to 126x.
 
The split is completely clear and it's very nice to observe the faint secondary. The imaginary line that conects boths components forms about 90 degrees with respect to the movement of Rigel when I stop to guide the mount, according very much with PA.

No doubt it's a fantastic view!
 


 
Dave Mitsky
Star: Beta Orionis (Rigel)
Date & Time:  1/19/99 03:40 UT
Seeing:  6 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)
Transparency: ~ 4
Location of site: ASH Naylor Observatory (http://www.msd.org/obs.htm) near Lewisberry, PA
Site classification: Rural
Sky darkness: ~ 5.0  <Limiting magnitude>
Telescope: 17” f/15 classical Cassegrain
Magnification: 118x, 202x, 249x
Mighty Rigel (Struve 668) was a fairly close split at 118x. The brilliance of the blue-white B8 primary (magnitude 0.1) makes the blue-grey 6.8 magnitude secondary somewhat hard to see despite their fairly generous separation (9.4"). A magnification of 249x produced the best view. 

 
Orlon Petterson
Star: Rigel (Beta Orionis) 
Date & Time: 12/02/99, 9:30UT to 14:00 UT 
Seeing: 9 
Location:  Staveley, ~80km SW of Christchurch, New Zealand. 
Instrument: 102mm f/9.8 refractor 
Sky darkness: 6 - 6.5  <Limiting magnitude> Didn't actually make a definitive measure but the sky was dark and the transparency really good. 
Magnification: 208x
This double split nicely at 208x with Rigel a brilliant blue white star with a lovely airy disc around it with the companion just outside of the airy disc to the south. 

 
Ilario Melandri
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: 6/Dec/1999 – 21.13 UTC
Seeing: 4 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Italy, Ravenna, San Romualdo, Lat 44 32’N Lon 12 08’E
Elevation: 0 m
Site classification: Rural 
Sky darkness:   <Limiting magnitude>
Temperature: 0C 
Telescope: 150 mm f/15 achromatic refractor 
Magnification: 140 x (eyepiece Plossl Clavé 16 mm)

 

 
Richard Harshaw
Star: Beta Orionis [19 Ori; STF 668; Burnham 555; Rigel, "left leg of the giant"; 
ADS 3823; SAO 131907] 
Location of site: Northern Kansas City, Missouri (USA) 
94d 30m west longitude, 39d 15m north latitude 
980 ft above Mean Sea Level 
Date of observations (UT): Dec 29, 1999 (0200 to 0400 UT) 
Site classification: suburban 
Sky conditions
seeing-- began at 8 out of 10, degraded to 6 by 0400 UT 
transparency-- 8 out of 10 
limiting visual magnitude—4.5 
Temperature: began at 40F, dropped to 26F by 0400; no wind at first, 
but a breeze picked up slightly as a front passed by about 0330 UT 
Telescope: Celestron C-8 
Eyepiece: Celestron Micro-Guide (160x), 2.48x Barlow (400x effective magnification) 
Measured with the Micro-Guide and Barlow. The average was 9.6" at a PA of 203, in close agreement with the 1954 measures of 9" at 204. This pair was NOT easy to measure due to the awful difference in magnitudes. The companion was almost washed out by the even the lowest setting on the reticule's LED. 

I have actually split this pair with as little as 100x with good seeing and a hexagonal objective mask. 

The B8Ia primary is a brilliant bluish-white and the companion looks white (B5V+), but with this much contrast and this close of spacing, it is difficult to say for sure. I have spotted Rigel B with as little as 100x by using a hexagon-shaped objective mask (per the suggestion in the Webb Society's handbook on Double Stars). This mask breaks up the Airy rings into "spokes" and by rotating the mask, you can rotate the "spokes" so that a dim companion pops out between two spokes. (This was also how I glimpsed Sirius B in 1988.) 

Tycho data suggests a distance of 770 light years, implying luminosities of 48,000 and 90 suns (it is hard to imagine that the little speck to the south of Rigel is 90 times brighter than our Sun!). 

Other intersting tidbits about Rigel: 

The primary is 65 times bigger than the Sun, and 25 times its mass. (If it were in the Sun's place, it would almost fill Mercury's orbit!) Its surface temperature is around 10,000 Kelvins (twice the Sun's 
temperature, and thrice its constellation comrade, Betelgeuse). Each square unit of area of Rigel radiates 15 times as much energy as an equal area on our Sun, and about 100 times as much as ruddy Betelgeuse. It is also an infra-red source. 

Rigel will last on the Main Sequence only 20 million years. 

Rigel B has a surface temperature of 12,000 Kelvins. It is at least 2,500 AU away from Rigel A, is about 2.5 times as massive as the Sun, about twice its diameter, and 90 times as luminous. Rigel B is also a spectroscopic binary (discovered in 1937). 

Rigel C (which I have never glimpsed) is a star 1.9 times as massive as the Sun, 50% larger, 50 times brighter, and of spectral class B9V. 
 


 
Randall Heckman
Star:  Beta Orionis 
Date & Time:  12/30/99 at 3:20 UT 
Seeing: 6-7 
Location of Site: Heckman Observatory 
40 37' 10" N and 99 03' 50" W 
Site Classification:  Rural 
Sky Darkness (Limiting Magnitude):  3.5 
Telescope:  8" Orion Dob with 6" aperture mask 
Magnification: 120x 
 
Separation (Clear or Toughing): clear 
Magnitude Comment: Secondary much dimmer 
Color Comment: Blue primary and white secondary 
General Comment: I succeeded in splitting Rigel only after numerous vain efforts.  In this case, the sky became slightly hazy, and the seeing improved substantially.  Instead of stars being mushy, they appeared as nice crisp Airy discs with surrounding diffraction rings.  We do not get these conditions in south central Nebraska that frequently. 
 
 
 
 

 


 
Bill Becker
Star: Beta Orionis 
Location of site: Casper, Wyoming Elev. 5200' 
Date of observations: 01-03-2000 10:30 MST 
Site classification: --- 
Sky conditions
Seeing:6 
Transp.:5 
Telescope: Quantum 4 Maksutov 
Magnification: 85x
Some upper atmospheric turbulence but Rigel easily split at 85x in moments of steady seeing. As I am trying to get over a cold, I did my nights viewing through a bedroom open window after allowing the room to reach thermal equilib. Outside temp approx 12* Steady air helps with Rigel; I've split it with as small a scope as 3" back in the late 60's; other times I've found it unresolved with my 7" Mak. 
 

 


 
Allen Ginzburg
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: 01/03/2000, 05:40 UTC 
Seeing: 8  <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of Site: Aptos, CA (USA) 
Site Classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4  <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Televue 85mm f/7 
Magnification: 120x 
 

 

Clearly separarted.  The primary is bright blue/white.  The secondary is 
blue. 
 
 
 

 


 
Jay Zimmerman
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: 2245, 01/05/2000 CST; 0445, 01/06/20:00 UT 
Seeing: 8 to 9  <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of Site:  Carbondale, IL, USA 
Site Classification: Suburban/near rural 
Sky darkness: ~5   <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: 97mm, f7 apo 
Magnification: 53x, 80x 

 

Comments:  I first tried 80x and got a clean split and good separation. I 
then dropped to 53x, again obtaining a clean split although B was nearly 
lost in the radiance of the primary star. I did not try magnifications lower 
than 53x.  Colors: white, white.  Estimated PA: 200 degrees (actual: 202 
degrees). 
 
 
 
 

 


 
Giuseppe Bandini
Star: Beta Orionis  
Date & Time: 5/Jan/2000 - 20.33 UTC
Seeing: 4 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Italy, Ravenna, Elevation: 0 m
Site classification: urban 
Sky darkness: ---  <Limiting magnitude>
Temperature: 0C 
Telescope: Celestron 8”  
Magnification: 67 x (eyepiece 30 mm Plossl) 

 

 
Steve Ott
Star: Beta Orionis (Rigel) 
Location of site: Millersburg, KY 
Date of observations: Jan 9, 2:30 - 4 UT 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darness: ~ 5.5 <limiting magnitude> 
Seeing: 5 (scale 1-10) 
Telescope: 94 mm f/7 apo refractor 
Magnification: 90x, 202x 
Secondary seen (off-and-on) with much difficulty at 90X, seen  well at 220X. Primary a tumultuous, multicolored blob 
 

 


 
Orlon Petterson
Star: Beta Orionis (Rigel)  
Date & Time: 12/01/2000, From ~10hr UTC to 11:30
Seeing:  4-7, improved as the evening progressed <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Christchurch, New Zealand  
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness:   <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: C102HD f/10 refractor  
Magnification: 28x 50x 100x 208x
Split at 100x in poor seeing, was more easily discernable when stopped down to 50mm.  Companion also just discernable at 50x.  Companion appears as faint white in colour against the blue-white primary. 
 
 
 

 


 
Bill Reinehr
Star: Beta Orionis (Rigel)  
Date & Time: January 20, 2000 - 02:00 UTC
Seeing:  6 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>
Location of site: Pflugerville, Texas, USA  (30 degrees N.)
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4 <Limiting magnitude>
Temperature:  58 F 
Telescope: Vixen 80mm Fluorite, f/8  on Custom D altaz mount  
Magnification: 51x, 71x
Still skies. A very easy split at 71x. Also a clean split at 51x, however, having seen the exact location of the secondary at 71x  was extremely helpful. The glare of the primary at 51x is quite distracting. No color noted. 
 
 
 
 

 


 
Philippe de Jocas 
Star: Beta Orionis (Rigel) 
Date & Time: January 22, 1h00-7h300 UT 
Seeing: 3-4 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>.
Location of site: Ottawa/Hull, Canada
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4.5 <Limiting magnitude>
Temperature: -25C 
Telescope: 6" f5 newtonian
Magnification: 90x
 
Rigel was done at 90x. I could see the companion blinking in and out of the glare of the primary, but when I added my hexagonal mask then I could hold it steadily. It's not Sirirus but still impressive.

 
Jim Brownfield
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: 26/01/2000, 6:30 p.m.- 11:30 p.m. EST 
Seeing: 3 – 5 (improving) <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>.
Location of site: Huntsburg, Ohio, USA
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 6 mag., could see ST 855, going to 5th mag. star Rho  <Limiting magnitude>
Other observing conditions:  83% humidity, 16 degrees F. with 12" snow on ground going to 84% humidity, 4 degrees F.
Telescope: 13.1"/F4.5 Dobsonian, with 5" aperture mask for the brighter pairs
Magnification: 47x
split at 47x

 
Tom Teague
Star: Beta Orionis  
Date & Time: 2000, January 25-26, 2045UT
Seeing: 7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>.
Location of site: Chester, England (53 11 08N; 02 51 39W)
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4.5 <Limiting magnitude>
Telescope: 63mm Zeiss Telementor refractor
Magnification: x53, x140, x252
Not easy, but companion seen and held with averted vision x140 and x252.  Better x140.  Glimpsed with great difficulty x53.  Companion slightly bluish. 
 

 
Cristina Cellini and Fiorenzo Mazzotti 
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: 4/Feb/2000 - 20.30 UTC 
Seeing:  <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of Site: Italy, Ravenna, San Romualdo, Lat 44 32’N Lon 12 08’E Elevation: 0 mts 
Site Classification: country 
Sky darkness: -- <Limiting magnitude> 
Temperature: +1C 
Telescope: Antares Callisto 120 mm f=1000 mm achr. refractor 
Magnification: 100x 
Note: very clearly split 


 


 
Daniel Rodríguez
Star:Beta Orionis 
Date & Time:2/5/2000, 22:55 (UT)
Seeing: 7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Jerez de la Frontera, 
Spain, elev. 24 m
Site classification: Urban 
Sky darkness: 4 <Limiting magnitude> 
Temperature: 11 ºC 
Telescope: Celestron G8 (8” SCT f/10)
Magnification: 119x, 240x
 
 
Using 119x the pair is easily split, but the secondary falls too close to the difraction rings of Rigel. Best viewed with 240x (as shown in the picture). I split this pair on 1/30/2000, but being considered as a difficult one, I was in doubt of my observations. I asked Luis about it and he confirmed my first impressions. 

 
Jordi Viver
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: 9/02/2000, 23:30 UT 
Seeing: 8 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of Site: Vic (Spain) 41º55’N, 2º19’E 
Elev. 570m 
Site Classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 5.29 <Limiting magnitude> 
Temperature: 0ºC 
Telescope: Celestron C8 
Magnification: 162x, 321x 
Separation: Easy separation with 162x. 
 

 


 
Karl Fabian
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: Feb 12, 2000, 0300hrs  
Seeing: 5 to 6 (ALPO scale): .
Location of site: Hickory Hills, IL USA
41.7N, 87.8W
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4.5 <Limiting magnitude>
Telescope: 90mm F/11 Achromatic (Meade)
Magnification: 40x, 80x, 111x, 143x
 
40x:  comes not seen 
 80x:  comes just barely detected 
 111x: comes in and out of glare 
 143x: comes easy and held steadily 

 
Tim Leese
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: 19-Feb-2000, 1900-2330 UT.
Seeing: 5/6  <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Cheshire. UK
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 3 <Limiting magnitude> 
Conditions: High haze, very cold and frosty, sky clearing later but full moon. 
Telescope: 200mm f/6  Newtonian scope  mounted over a Vixen GP mount (manual slow motion).
Magnification: x48, x120
Not split at x48.  Companion  just seen out of the glare of primary at x120. 
 
 
 
 

 


 
Tollefsen Magne 
Star: Beta Orionis  
Date & Time: February 24, 2000 at 20.10 UT
Seeing: 7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>
Location of site: Skien, South-East of Norway 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4.6 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Vixen 120mm 4 elements refractor
Magnification: 114X, 353X (Celestron Microguide eyepiece, and a TeleVue 5X powermate) 
The star is relatively near the horizon, and the air is turbulent. 
Clearly separated at 114X Separation 9,4 arcsec. Position Angle 200 degrees. 
 
 

 


 
John Clemmer
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: March 6/2000 1930 EST  
Seeing: 7, quite steady <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>
Location of site: Priceville, Ontario, Canada
W80 41'41"  N44 10' 40"
Site classification: Rural 
Sky darkness: 6+/10ths 5th mag. if I'm lucky tonight <Limiting magnitude>
Telescope: Televue Pronto
Magnification: 93x
 
clean w/ 5xBarlow + 26mm 

 
G.E.O.D.A Group
Star: Beta Orionis 
Date & Time: 3-III-2000, 19:00-22:00 
Seeing: 7.5 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of Site: Manises, Valencia, Spain. GPS coordinates: 39º 29' 36" N, 00º 27' 56" W. 
Site Classification: Urban-Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4.5 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Meade 10" LX-200 SCT 
Magnification: 200x 
Published measures are the mean of two observations made from two different observers. 

d = 11.0; PA = 205