Zeta Aquarius  

Richard Harshaw
Star: Zeta Aquarius  (STF 2909) 
Location of site: Northern Kansas City, Missouri (USA) 
94d 30m west longitude, 39d 15m north latitude 
980 ft above Mean Sea Level 
Date of observations (UT): UT: 02:15 of Sept. 16, 2000 
Site classification: suburban 
Sky conditions
seeing-- 4/10 up to 8/10, in short spans of time 
transparency-- 8 out of 10 
limiting visual magnitude-- 5.0 mag 
Telescope: Celestron C-8 
Eyepiece: 10mm + Barlow (516x) 
 
 
Position:  2228-0002 
Magnitudes:  3.7, 4.5 
Sep/PA's:  2 - / 200 - 
Year of last measurement:  1992 
Distance (light years):  103 
Luminosity (in suns):  41 
Eyepiece and magnification:  10mm + Barlow (516x) 
Colors noted:  Both W.  Some observers report Y and B or both as yellowish.  Webb:  Y, gW, and wrote, "A very fine object, in centre of triangle of nearly equal naked-eye stars." 
Its binary nature was discovered by C. Mayer in 1777 and confirmed by Herschel in 1779.  The orbit takes 760.0 years (Heintz, 1983).  The primary is 1.13 solar masses, while the companion is 0.85.  There is also a third (invisible) companion, of 0.28 solar masses and 0.8% the Sun's luminance.  It is probably a red dwarf of dM1 or dM2 class.  Both stars are infra-red sources. 
The actual separation of the pair is at least 100 AU. 
First measured:  3.6" @ 0. 
1781 (Herschel):  4.6". 
1905 (Burnham):  2.9" @ 317. 
1967:  1.7" @ 249. 
The close, faint pair B76 (8.5, 10.2; 1.5" @ 335) lies about 11' south. 
I rated the pair 2. 
Interesting selection, PJ. 
 
 
 
Patrick J. Anway 
Star: Zeta Aquarius  (STF 2909) 
Date & Time: Sept. 17, 2000, 11pm EDT (0300 UT) 
Seeing: 7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of Site: Munising Michigan USA 
Site Classification: Rural 
Sky darkness: 5.5 (in the holes) <limiting magnitude> 
Sky condition: high clouds, moon rising 
Temperature: 42º F (5º C) 
Telescope: Zeiss 63mm/840mm f/13.3 
Eyepieces: 7mm, 10mm, 16mm, 18mm orthos 

 
 

Using the 7mm for 120X, I separated an equal set of two light yellow stars, brightness was so equal that it was difficult to distinguish primary from companion - like a pair of eyes staring back over 75 light years of space and time. Zeta Aqr is in the center of the asterism of the "water jar" and one of a group of doubles between the water jar and the fish (Pisces Australis) below. Olcott says that "the ancients thought that these stars represented water trickling down the sky." He saw both components to be white, as did Smyth; however Webb gives white and pale yellow. 
 
Discovered by Christian Mayer in 1777, it was "rediscovered by William Herschel two years later and determined by him in 1804, to be physically connected. Charles Worley says there is a " fainter component that is an unresolved astrometric binary, with a period of 26 years" - while Norton's 2000 gives a period of 856 years for the main components. 
 
Paul Couteau says that it is "a good test for small refractors" and Burnham says " it may be resolved with a good 3-inch glass". I had no trouble with my 2.5". An interesting note: at this time Zeta Aqr. is south of the celestial equator, in 2004 it will be on the equator and there after it will be north of it. 
 
 
 
Tom Teague
Star: Zeta Aquarius  (STF 2909) 
Date & Time: 2000 September 18  (21:25) 
Seeing: 6 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>. 
Location of site: Chester, England (53 11 08N; 02 51 39W) 
Site classification: Suburban  
Sky darkness: 4 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: 63mm Zeiss Telementor refractor 
Magnification: x140, x210 
 
Both stars seem yellow to my eye, with no discernible colour contrast.  I believe that I have resolved this pair in the past with the Zeiss refractor, although I have not checked my old observing logs.  Certainly I would expect to be able to do so fairly easily under better conditions than prevail tonight.  As it is, I see two slightly overlapping discs x140 and x 210 - in other words, a figure-of-eight.  The separation has closed considerably since Webb's day, for he described it as "easy with very small aperture", which is certainly no longer true.  His colour description is interesting: "flushed wh., creamy".  First measured by Herschel in 1781, at 4.56". 

I estimated the PA as 175 degrees, which is clearly wrong, and probably an example of the well-known subjective error that often creeps into visual observations of pairs having PAs close to 90/270 or 180/360. 

Ambience:  cold, still, autumnal. 
 

 
 
Tim Leese
Star: Zeta Aquarius  (STF 2909) 
Date & Time: 20-September-2000 (22:30 UT). 
Seeing: 6-7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>  
Location of site: Cheshire. UK 
53° 15' N –2º 33' W  
Site classification: Suburban  
Sky darkness: 3.5 <Limiting magnitude>  
Telescope: 200mm f/6  Newtonian scope  mounted over a Vixen GP mount (manual slow motion). 
Any Quoted PA or SEP using micro guide. 
Magnification: X120, X240 
A fine double star to observe, this one. Using a magnification of X120 the components were split into an equal brightness pair of yellow/white stars. A better view was obtained using a higher magnification of X240, another pair of glowing eyes to look out for in future. The PA between the two stars was estimated to be about 200deg. I will return to this double again in the future! 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
Ilario Melandri
Star: Zeta Aquarius  (STF 2909) 
Date & Time: 21/09/2000 – 21.00 UT
Seeing: 4 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>  
Location of site: Italy, Ravenna, San Romualdo, Lat 44 32’N Lon 12 08’E 
Elevation: 0 m 
Site classification: Rural  
Sky darkness: 5 <Limiting magnitude> 
Temperature: +13C 
Telescope: 150 mm f/15 achromatic refractor (lens by Romano Zen, Venice). 
Magnification: 140x (Plossl 16mm)
 
Sep is deacreasing, it will be 2.7” in 2020 with PA 170.
 
For the sep. of 2.1” at a distance of 98 light years, corresponds a
distance of 63 Astronomical Units, a little more than the diameter of
Neptun’s orbit around the Sun.