Gamma Andromeda 

Mary Flanagan
Star: Gamma Andromeda 
Date & Time: 19 Oct 2000 03:32 UT; 
18 Oct 10:32 CDT 
Seeing: 8 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>  
Transparency: 8 <1 - 10> 
Location of site: Apple Valley MN, USA 
93d 14m 25s W; 44d 45m 17s N 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4 <limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: 8" f/6 Dobsonian  
Magnification: 80x
Another old friend, and a knockout; orange-gold primary and sky-blue secondary. An easy split at 80x, close enough for the colors to play off each other. 
 

 
 

 

 
 
Tom Teague
Star: Gamma Andromeda 
Date & Time: 2000 October 19 (1930 UT) 
Seeing: 7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>. 
Location of site: Chester, England (53 11 08N; 02 51 39W) 
Site classification: Suburban  
Sky darkness: 4.5 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: 63mm Zeiss Telementor refractor 
Magnification: x47, x140, x210 
 
Easily split at all powers.  Best view x140.  Deep yellow and pale turquoise.  Estimated PA = 60 degrees. 
 
Ambience:  Despondent.  Why?  The sky has just cleared after weeks and weeks of unbroken cloud and torrential rain.  The seeing is very good.  I have just taken delivery of my new Zeiss position circle.  It is exquisitely made.  I mount it on the telescope.  I insert the Micro Guide with which I intend to measure Gamma And.  I turn on the illuminator - and nothing happens!  Now, I am always scrupulously careful about switching off at the end of each session, and I specifically remember doing so after the last one.  Yet the batteries (which were brand new) have run down.  Obviously, I must have inadvertently switched it on again while fetching some other accessory out of the box.  A design fault of the MG is that this is extremely easy to do and there is no way of telling that you've done it unless you specifically check.  So I am not a happy bunny.  But there's no point in losing one's temper on these occasions, however strong the temptation.  So I am really surprisingly serene about the whole thing.  In the words of G. K. Chesterton, "I think I will not hang myself today". 
 
 
 
Rafael Benavides
Star: Gamma And - Struve 205 
Date & Time: 19-October-2000 (22 h 00 m UT) 
Seeing: 6.5 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Posadas (Córdoba), Spain 
37º 48' N - 5º 08' 30" W 
100 mts over sea level 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 5.6 <Limiting magnitude>  
Temperature: 14ºC 
Telescope: Helios 120 mm f/8.3 achromatic refractor 
Eye Piece(s): Plossl 20 mm, Plossl 10 mm, Microguide 12.5 mm, 2x Barlow, diagonal prism. 
  
 
Gamma And - Struve 205 
         02 h 03 m 53.92 s + 42º 19' 47.5" 
        magnitudes:   2.09  (K3),   4.79  (B8)      (Guide 6.0.) 
        WDS 1991: 9"6 /  63º 

Observations: Well seen at all powers. Best view at 100x (Plossl 10 mm). I found the primary star of this spectacular pair to have a orange colour with the secondary star appearing to be a peculiar pale green. From an average of 11 measurements I found the secondary to be at PA  63º8 with separation of 9"6 arcseconds. 
 
 
 

 
 
Tim Leese
Star: Gamma Andromeda 
Date & Time: 21-October-2000 (1900 UT) 
Seeing: 6-7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>  
Location of site: Cheshire. UK 
53° 15' N –2º 33' W  
Site classification: Suburban  
Sky darkness: 4.4 <Limiting magnitude>  
Telescope: 200mm f/6  Newtonian scope  mounted over a Vixen GP mount (manual slow motion). 
Any Quoted PA or SEP using micro guide. 
Magnification: X60, X120, X480 (X96,X324 Microguide) 

 

Using a magnification of X60 a beautiful pair of stars was observed. 
The primary star appeared to be a delicate golden yellow colour with the secondary having a blue hue to it. 
 
Increasing the magnification to X120 and in moments of steadier air the colour contrasting stars seemed to stand out even more. I attempted to observe the close companion of the secondary using X480  magnification 
but the air was not steady enough. I may have detected slight elongation at odd moments but will return to this system at a later date. 
 
Some quick measures were taken using the Microguide at X96 and X324 giving an estimated PA of 60deg for the secondary star with a separation of 9.9sec. 
 
Watching the stars drift across the field of view of the Microguide I was struck by the beauty of the contrasting colours of this system. 
 
Ambience: When the sky clears at this time of year everything soon gets covered in moisture and tonight looks like being  no exception. 
As the telescope cools I take in the naked eye views and can just start to make out the Milky Way as it winds its way overhead into Cygnus from Cassiopeia. 
 
Only myself and the stray cat down here tonight but we can hear a local rock group practicing about a mile away over the fields. Some classic Ritchie Blackmore riffs are all we can recognise. "Smoke on the Water", for one, what else!! 
 
 
 
Thad Robosson
Star: Gamma Andromeda 
Date & Time: 21, October, 2000 
Seeing: 7-8 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)>. 
Location of site: Phoenix, USA 
Site classification: Decidedly Urban 
Sky darkness: 4 <Limiting magnitude> 
Temperature: about 70ºF 
Telescope 90mm ETX MakCas 
Magnification: 63x 
 
A very pretty colored pair.  Primary shows a slightly yellow/gold hue like Amber, and the comp. appears to switch from green/turquoise/blue and back.  Very easy split at 63x.  Est PA of Gamma's fainter comp. at 60° 
 
Ambience: The traffic noise was apparent, but got tuned out automatically after about 5 minutes, no gunshots were noted, and no emergency vehicles went by.  Leaving the only distraction, my dog Charlie, who was confused as to why I was out so darn late.  (He didn't beg for food or to be let in.  In fact, he was quite comfortable, and went to 
sleep next to the tripod.) 

 

 
 
Eddy O'Connor
Star: Gamma Andromeda 
Date & Time: October 25th  2000, 10 p.m local; UT +11 
Seeing: 6 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Transparency: 6/10 
Location of Site: Terara, New South Wales, Australia, Long.150.38 degrees; South 34.52.  
Site Classification: Suburban  
Sky darkness: 4.5 <Limiting magnitude> 
Others: No Moon, Passing cloud. 
Temperature: 17ºC, wind 12 knots. 
Instrument: 8"  F9 Dobsonian  
Magnification: 72x (25mm K) 
 
This 2.5 mag star bobbed low from behind a tree offering a very big challenge for the telescope. Many have raved about this star and I just had to try it with such a wide separation. At low power and in really poor viewing conditions this star appeared as a pulsating ball of fire with an ashen blob on its back. Comments: At an altitude of 8º this was the lowest double I have ever attempted and split and the lowest point my telescope could reach in a Northerly direction. The colour of the glowing snowball was White/Green/Yellow and ever colour in between. The companion seemed like a dull silvery glow melding with the primary. 
   
Ambience: After much rain and sunshine the ground was acrunch with snails heading for the lettuce and cabbage beds. A blue-tongue lizard, heart-stoppingly like a snake and spotted earlier in the evening was safely tucked under a piece of pan out of reach of the suddenly playful cat who likes to watch it move. The breeze picked up, tossing rose petals all over the lawn and approaching clouds soon put an end to the night. 
 
 
 
Patrick J. Anway 
Star: Gamma Andromeda (Almaak) 
Date & Time: October 31, 2000  03:00 UT 
Seeing: 8 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of Site: Munising Michigan USA 
Site Classification: Rural 
Sky darkness: 6 <limiting magnitude> 
Sky condition: Small crescent moon; no clouds 
Temperature: 38ºF   6ºC 
Telescope: Zeiss 63mm/840mm f/13.3 
Magnification:  53X, 84X 

 
 

At 53X the pair was split cleanly with contrasting colors; at 84X the color contrast was even better with the primary being a golden yellow and the secondary a hazy sky-blue. This agrees with Herschel and Struve, yet Smyth and Flammarion saw them as orange and emerald green. It was discovered by Mayer in 1788 and first measured by Struve in 1830. 
 
William Herschel wrote of it in 1804 "This double star is one of the most beautiful objects in the Heavens. The striking difference in the colour of the two stars suggests the idea of a Sun and its Planet, to which the contrast of their unequal size contributes not a little......". 
 
Ambience: The leaves are gone for the year now (or I guess I should say they have left the trees for "greener grass" on my front lawn). This allows a much better view through the woods, even at night under a crescent moon. The whole appearance of the landscape takes on a different look and gives you 
the feeling that you are somewhere else; I can't imagine not having "four" seasons. This also works to the advantage of the amateur. "Through the branches" observations can be made of brighter objects such as planets and the moon, while adding to the sense of orbital motion of our home planet. While waiting for Andromeda to arrive on the scene, I catch Jupiter and Saturn dancing through the maples, peeking in and out of view. 
 
 
 
Richard Harshaw
Star: Gamma Andromeda (Almaak) 
Location of site: Northern Kansas City, Missouri (USA) 
94d 30m west longitude, 39d 15m north latitude 
980 ft above Mean Sea Level 
Date of observations (UT): Nov 2, 2000 at 2330 
Site classification: suburban 
Sky conditions
seeing--  8 out of 10 (at times, approaching 9) 
transparency-- 7 out of 10 (high, thin and spotty clouds, taking perhaps 1magnitude from the starlight) 
limiting visual magnitude-- 4.0 mag 
Telescope: Celestron C-8 
Eyepiece: 20mm Erfle, 104 x 
 
 
 
Year of first measurement:  1830, 10.3" / 63 
Year of last measurement:  1995 
Distance (light years):  355 
Luminosity (in suns):  1,550 
Eyepiece and magnification:  20mm Erfle, 104 x 
Colors noted:  Gold and deep blue. 

Both William Herschel and F. Struve saw them as Y and B, but Admiral Smyth called them "orange and emerald green."  Webb saw them as D and B.  "One of the most beautiful pairs in the heavens," he wrote.  I agree! 

John Mayer discovered its binary nature in 1788. 
In 1842, Otto Struve found B to be a double.   It is a binary with a period of 62 years (Muller, 1957).  The greatest separation is 0.55", with periastron occuring in 1982, 2012, 2043, etc. 

In 1960, A was found to be a spectrscopic binary with a 2.67 day period.   It is also an infra-red source. The A-Bb separation is about 800 AU, while BC is something like 30 AU. 
The complex is a member of the Pleiades group. 

On the "Harshaw Scale of Eyepiece Impressions", I'd rate Gamma a 1 out of 5! 
 
James Kaler's Star Notes (from http://www.astro.uiuc.edu/~kaler/sow/; used with permission): 
 
You take your new telescope to the back yard perhaps wondering what to examine. When finished with the Moon and the bright planets you turn to the stars, first perhaps to the grand Orion Nebula, next maybe to the magnificent Andromeda Galaxy. Then it is time for double stars. The sky abounds with them, northern winter's Castor, springtime's Mizar and Alcor, Summer's Albireo, dozens of others easily found. 
 
Among the best of all, however, is the last star of the string of bright beauties that helps make the constellation Andromeda, Almach, Andromeda's Gamma star. The Arabic name, which has nothing to do with its constellation of residence, refers a kind of middle-eastern wild cat. Through the telescope the star is extraordinarily lovely, even a small instrument showing a superb pair separated by a good 10 seconds of arc, the brighter one golden yellow the other blue. 
 
Star colors are usually subtle, rather washed out. But put two contrasting stars close together and they play against each other, the colors becoming far more vivid to the eye. Admiral Smythe, who wrote the definitive nineteenth century book on celestial sights, refers to them as "orange and emerald green." 
 
The second magnitude brighter component, called "Gamma-1," is a warm class K bright giant with a temperature around 4500 Kelvin and a star now in the act of dying. From its distance of 355 light years, we find a luminosity about 2000 times that of the Sun and a radius 80 solar, big enough to take the star to the orbit of Venus. More remarkable, the fainter blue-green component, Gamma-2, is also double, though the duplicity is far more difficult to see. 
 
The two fifth magnitude stars orbit each other with a period of about 60 years, and though they are now near their greatest separation, they are still but a half-second of arc apart, stellar twinkling making them almost impossible to see singly. Yet again the system splits, as the brighter of these two is also double, though detectable only with the spectrograph, the components very close and orbiting every 2.7 days. 
 
These three of Gamma-2 are hotter white "main sequence" stars that like the Sun fuse hydrogen to helium, their temperatures in the neighborhood of 10,000 Kelvin. Gamma-2 is thus triple and the naked-eye star we know as Almach quadruple, making it a feast for both the mind and for the eye. One or two other more distant stars might belong to the system as well. (Thanks to Monica Shaw, who helped research this star.) 
 

 
 
Bill Reinehr
Star: Gamma Andromeda (Almaak) 
Date & Time: November 10, 2000, 01:05 UTC   
Seeing: 7  (nearly full moon but still )< <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Pflugerville, Texas, USA  (30 degrees N.) 
Site classification: Suburban  
Sky darkness: 3.9 <Limiting magnitude> 
Temperature: 50° F. 
Telescope: Vixen 80mm Fluorite, f/8  on Custom D altaz mount   
Magnification: 58x (22mm Vixen SW & 2x Ultima Barlow) 
 
Very cleanly split at 58x - reminiscent of Albireo in coloration. 
 

 
 
 

 
 

 
 
Jim Jones
Star: Gamma And 
Date and Time:  0256 UTC, 11/16/00 
Seeing: 5/10 <1 worst - 10 best> 
Location of Site:  Lake Oswego, Oregon 
Site Classification: Suburban 
Sky Darkness: 3.5 <Limiting Magnitude> 
Telescope: 8 inch LX50 SCT 
Eye Piece(s):  18mm Radian 
Magnification:  112x 

 
 
 

Primary: very orange 
Companion: delicate light blue with dark blue flecks from time to time. 

What can you say about Gamma that hasn't already been said.  She manages to show off even when the sky looks like cottage cheese. 
 

 

 
 

 
 
William L. Schart
Star: Gamma Andromeda 
Date & Time: 15th, November, 2000. 
8:30 -8:48 pm CST. 
Seeing: -- <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Killeen, TX (Lat 31 N, Elev 600 ft) 
Site classification: Suburban 
Sky darkness: 4 <Limiting magnitude> 
Temperature: 45ºF 
Binoculars: 10x50 tripod mounted 
 
Although I couldn't actually separate this pair, I am pretty sure that I could see a blue to blue-green flash indicating the secondary. This would come and go, but was always at the same spot. 
 
 
 
 
Thomas Jensen 
Star: Gamma Andromeda 
Date & Time: 30/11-2000 
Seeing: 9 (small aperture) <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Denmark, EU 
14 57' E, 55 deg 12' N 
Site classification: Rural 
Sky darkness: 5.5 <Limiting magnitude> 
Observing conditions: sligthly hazy, very sligth breese 
Telescope: 50/880mm Zeiss apo  
Magnification: 391x
As an aside I wondered just how far I could push the little scope in terms of magnification. So I stacked two 2X barlows and inserted a 9mm Zeiss ortho. Gamma is quite widely split at 391X ! Did it held up? Sure did, although the diff rings got so faint, they almost dissappeared! But no image breakdown whatever! 
Hmm. Where did I put my 5mm and 4mm Orthos? 
 
 
 
 
Luis and Salvador Lahuerta (G.E.O.D.A)
Star: Gamma Andromeda 
Date & Time: 9, December, 2000.
20h – 24 h  (U.T).
Seeing: 7 <1-10 Seeing Scale (10 best)> 
Location of site: Aras, Valencia, Spain. 
GPS coordinates: 39º 55' 28" N (39,92)
 01º 07' 49" W (1,13).
Site classification: Rural 
Sky darkness: 6 <Limiting magnitude> 
Telescope: Meade S/C LX200 10" 
Eyepieces: diagonal prism, MA 12 mm 
astrometric eyepiece (both fromMEADE). 

 

Primary colour:  yellow
Secondary colour: blue
Separation: 9.1”
PA:  61.9º